You want to tell her how you feel about her or how much you need and love her, but you don’t know how to?
You want to sweep her off the floor and take her breath away just as she did the moment you saw her, but you don’t know how to go about it?
You want to express how much she means to you and how you long to have someone as special and beautiful as she is, but you don’t know the right words to say or use?
To bring the girl you’ve always dreamt of; the girl you can’t go a day without reminiscing about into your life and world.
You crave to make her fall in love with you and nobody else, isn’t that why you’re here? Yes or Yes?
And that’s why you also need these Romantic Love Text Messages to Make Her Fall in Love with You.
Below are Romantic, Beautiful and Heart Touching Messages you can send to make Her Fall in Love with you.
Table of Contents:
Short Text Messages to Make Her Fall in Love
Long Text Messages to Make Her Fall in Love
Short Text Messages to Make Her Fall in Love
1. Falling in love with you was never on my agenda, but I’m glad that I did. Because I would be a fool not to. I love you to the moon and back.
2. Heard love is a risky game. Well, if it’s going to be with you, you’re worth the risk. I love you.
3. I asked for a damsel, and guess what? You were given to me, as my wish came true the moment I set my eyes on you. I love you dearly.
Love Messages to Make Her Fall in Love
Love Messages to Make Her Fall in Love
4. With you here is a proof that wishes do come true. Because I wished for someone like you and I found you.
5. Nothing gladdens my heart as much as putting a beautiful smile on your face every day. I cherish you always.
6. My biggest and best achievement would be to see you happy and smile wholeheartedly each and every day. I love you so much, beautiful
7. Your happiness, joy and peace are my top priorities because with you there’s no sadness. I cherish you always, damsel.
8. I would walk a thousand miles just to put a beautiful smile on your face. I love you beyond the stars.
9. Every time I see your beautiful face or hear your sweet voice from afar, I fall in love with you all over again and again.
10. Explaining to you how much you mean to me and why I love you, would be like me describing how the water inside the coconut came about.
Love Messages to Make Her Fall in Love
11. Just as a ship without a captain will be lost in the sea. So lost would I also be without you in my life.
12. Now I have every reason to love my life, because it gave me you, my love. I cherish you forever.
13. To have someone as special and beautiful as you are as my woman would be my greatest achievement. I love you more than love itself.
Sweet Love Messages for Her to Fall in Love
Sweet Love Messages for Her to Fall in Love
14. I can’t explain it, but you have this amazing way of making my heart skip a beat each time you’re around. I cherish you always.
15. Words would fail me to describe why I love you and how much you mean to me. I love you tenderly.
16. In my dreams, you’re all I see and in my reality, you’re all I want to cherish, adore and love forever.
17. A call from you can change my mood from bad to awesome. I love you beyond the stars.
18. To the one that makes my life happier and my day merrier, I love you more than love itself.
19. Not a day goes by without the thought of you, as the thought of you brighten my day. I love you dearly.
20. If your love is worth fighting for, I’m more than ready to cause another World War III. I cherish and love you always.
Sweet Love Text Messages for Her to Fall in Love
21. Either my eyes are closed or opened, it’s always your beautiful smiling face I see. I love you so much.
22. No matter how hard I try to take my mind off you, it always heads towards your way. I love you, damsel.
23. For a second, I thought I was losing my mind, because you happen to be the girl of my dream, and I vow to treasure you forever. I love you to the moon and back.
Falling in Love Messages
Falling in Love Messages
24. The way you care about me make me wonder what life would have been without someone as caring and loving as you are. I cherish you forever.
25. The only two moments when I want to be with you are today and always. I love you so much more than you know.
26. My love for you will always stay true and it will never fade nor end. You know that I love you right? Well, I do.
27. I’m all for you, my heartbeat, because your love is the blood pumping in my heart. I love you tenderly.
28. If I could be anything, I would be the air, so you can never do without me. Just as your love is the air that I breathe. I love you more than love itself.
29. In any weather, I will always be there by your side today and beyond. I cherish and love you so much.
30. My future is as beautiful as my present because I can see it in your beautiful eyes, with you beside me all the way. I love you dearly.
31. I dreamt that someone unique loved me for who I am, and that unique person was you, beautiful. One day it will not be just my dream, but my reality. I cherish you forever.
32. As long as there is breath in me, your heart will always be filled with gaiety and love. I love you more than love itself.
33. To the love of my life, I’m happy to have fallen in love with you. I can wait to spend eternity with you, proving my love for you every day. I cherish and love you always.
34. You alone have the key to my heart, because, from the moment I set my eyes on you, my heart skipped a beat.
35. To keep your heart merrier and your life few happier is a vow I’m willing to keep. I love you tenderly.
36. All thanks to you, as my life has never been this colourful and awesome. I can’t wait to spend eternity with you. I love you so much, damsel.
37. I love you with every breath in me. Always have and always will. That’s not going to change, not today or tomorrow.
38. You alone fit perfectly well in the void in my heart, life and world. I love you beyond the stars.
39. I wish the smiles and giggles that your presence bring me will never fade away with time but always blossom. I cherish you always.
40. The day I finish counting the grain of sand on earth, is the same day I will stop loving you. I love you more than love itself.
Romantic Love Text Messages to Make Her Fall in Love with You
41. I love you so much more than words could ever describe. Don’t ask why, because I just do. I love you dearly.
42. You’ve made my day colourful and my life complete and I hope you will never stop. I cherish and love you so much.
43. Really glad to have met you and I would be more happy to have you always in my heart, life and world.
Falling in Love SMS
Falling in Love SMS
44. It took me a moment to fall in love with you, but it will definitely take me forever in proving it to you. I love you tenderly.
45. I plan on being with you until there’s no single star in the sky. I love you to the moon and back, damsel.
46. Whether in this generation or another to come, it will always be with you. With you, my heart finds peace and true joy. I cherish you forever.
47. You’ve stolen my heart from the minute we met, and wherever you go, there will my heart be. I love you more than you know.
48. Just two things I wished for, to be your lover in this life and hereafter. I love you so much.
49. My love for you rise higher with every sunrise and grow stronger with every sunset. I love you beyond words.
50. In this life or hereafter, it will always be with you as it was destined to be with you. I love you so much, beautiful.
Falling in Love SMS
51. With every minute of every day in every month, my love for you keeps growing. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
52. Come rain or sunshine, my love for you will always stay true. I cherish and love you always.
53. You’re everything to me and you sure deserve all of me. You know that I love you right? Well, I do.
54. Gloomy, dark and boring would be my life without you in it. I need you more than you know. I love you dearly.
55. I’m excited not because I’m in love but because I’m in love with you. I cherish and love you forever.
56. Waking up every day with the thought of you keeps me going whenever I’m at the edge of giving up. I love you more than love itself.
57. Thanks for being real and I can’t wait to have you in my life today and beyond because you’re all I see when I dream. I love you dearly.
58. Forgetting about you would be like sleeping with my eyes wide open. It’s just impossible. I love you to the moon and back.
59. I would rather spend a moment telling you how much I love you than a lifetime thinking about how. I cherish and love you.
60. So heartsick to know that you’re not mine yet because I’m tired of my life without you in it. I love you so much, damsel.
Long Text Messages to Make Her Fall in Love
61. My life would definitely be beautiful with someone as beautiful and unique as you are in it of course; someone as caring and loving as you are. And in every step I take and every move I make, I want to take and make it with you beside me. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
62. No amount of money would be enough to quantify the gladness that comes with being with you. Because the joy and happiness within me know no boundaries whenever I’m with you. And I can’t wait to cherish, adore and love you, until the end of time. I love you beyond the stars, damsel.
63. I would certainly be the luckiest and richest man on earth to have a woman who is caring, adoring and loving like you. As long as there is blood pumping in my heart and running through my veins and there is breath in me, I will always cherish and love you. You’re indeed special and there is no other woman like you in the world. I love you dearly.
64. Before you came my way and we met, I have always wanted someone as beautiful as you are; I have always needed someone as understanding and caring as you are, and I have always dreamt of a woman as loving as you are. You have always been, you will always be and you will forever be my dream girl. I love you to the moon and back.
65. At a time I thought nothing was worth living for, you came my way. Even when the thought of nothing was worth fighting for, you walked into my world. Just after I thought nothing was worth caring for, you crossed my path. And during the time I thought of giving up that true love was only a mirage, you came my way and prove me wrong. Thanks for being real. I love you more than love itself.
66. If my life were to be a car, your love would be the diesel it takes to move. If my life were to be a generator, your love would be the fuel it takes to start. And if my life were to be a tree, your love would be the carbon dioxide I need to survive. You surpasses everything I could ever have wished for, and I bless the day you crossed my path. I love you beyond the stars.
67. Your wish and your wish alone will always be my command because you’re the queen of my heart, life and world. Your love makes me a better person than ever before since your love flows through my veins and is the blood pumping in my heart. I vow today and forever to always cherish, adore, protect and love you so much. I love you tenderly, beautiful.
68. There is no perfect word in the English vocabulary yet to describe why I love you so much, just as there is no right word to express how much you mean to me. I wish there was, but there are none. I have neither silver nor gold to offer you, but I give you all of me because you deserve it all. You know that I love you right? Well, I do.
69. I can’t promise that a relationship with me will always be rosy and beautiful each and every day, and I can’t promise that there won’t be ups and downs once a while in our walk together. But what I can vow is to treasure and love you with every single breath in me. And everything I do and say will always be for you. I love you beyond words.
70. I want you to have my heart because it is safer with you than with me. And I’m afraid I might lose it if it remains in my possession. With you, I’m a better person than I would ever be. And without you, I’m just a wayfarer; moving from place to place without a particular course or purpose. I love you so much, damsel.
Tuesday, 27 February 2018
100 Sweet Romantic Love Messages to Send to Your Lover
To be sincere, only the dead doesn’t have a reason to love and be loved. As long as you’re alive, you’ve got every reason to feel romantic, at least… Every season to send some Sweet Romantic Love Messages to someone you love.
Yes, Sweet Romantic Love Messages for Your Boyfriend or Girlfriend.
1. I asked for a rose, I was given a bouquet of flowers; I asked for a bouquet, I got a garden. And then I asked for you and you were given to me. I love you beyond the stars.
2. True and real love is very rare to find, just like precious stones. I must be very lucky to have found someone like you. I cherish you forever.
Sweet Romantic Love Messages to Send to Him
Sweet Romantic Love Messages to Send to Him
3. When I’m with you I’m always inspired to be better as you’ve changed my life and world for the better. I love you tenderly.
4. Just to be with you I wouldn’t mind to climb the highest mountain or swim across the largest sea. I miss you. I love you beyond words.
5. Even when you’re millions miles away you’re still very close to me as you’re always in my heart where you belong. I love you so much.
6. What more can I say? I love your beautiful smile; I adore your pretty eyes and I love you to the moon and back. I cherish you forever.
7. I cherish the way you care, respect, honour, admire and love me. You’re indeed my one and only. I love you so much.
8. Curling up in my sofa, the thought of why do I love you run through my mind, then I realized that because you’re you and no one else. Thanks for being real. I love you tenderly.
9. God blessed me with you and for the rest of my life I will always blessed God for you and through you. I cherish you forever.
10. No other woman can ever take your place in my heart and I will always treasure and love you till the end of time. I love you beyond words.
11. You’re beautiful as a rose; sweet as honey and your glowing smiling face shines like stars in the night sky. I love you so much.
12. God knows that I will love you tenderly and He chose you amongst the rest for me alone. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
13. I’m glad to have you as my friend, lover and a teacher as you’ve taught me how to love. I cherish you forever.
14. I feel safer in your arms; I feel better in your presence and I feel loved and cared for whenever we’re together. I love you so much.
15. Stay with me today and forever, because it’s with you alone that I feel loved and safer than ever before. I love you beyond the stars.
16. Do you want to know what keeps me going? Your care and love makes me glow and keeps me going. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
17. We’ll always get back together even though there were times when we quarreled because we’re meant for each other. I love you so much.
18. I can’t live without you or your love because you and your love are what I need to stay alive. I cherish you forever.
19. If I write your name on the sky, the wind might blow it away; if I write it on the beach sand, it might be washed away by the sea, but I’ve written it in my heart where neither wind nor sea can wipe it off. I love you so much.
20. I will forever and always cherish, honour, respect and love you as we’re meant to be together till the end of time. I cherish you forever.
21. If I could hold your hand and be with you forever and always, I would. We’re made for each other. I love you beyond the stars.
22. The day I saw you and you came into my life, was the same day that all my dreams came true. I’m glad you’re mine. I love you so much.
23. I can never stop reminiscing about you and your love for me as its what I need for my survival because thinking about you is like taking a breath. I love you tenderly.
24. Here is what I desire, hope and dream of: to be with you; to adore and cherish you and to love you till the end of time. I cherish you forever.
Sweet Romantic Love Messages to Send to Her
Sweet Romantic Love Messages to Send to Her
25. When I was asked to describe what LOVE is, I found myself talking all about you. Then I realized that you’re indeed a definition of LOVE to ME. I love you beyond words.
26. For us to keep the fire of our love burning and keep it glowing, all we need is each other – You and I. I love you so much.
27. I am for you as you are for me and we’ll always love and cherish each other till the end of time. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
28. The glowing beautiful smile on my face is all your doing as you’re the reason for the smiles on my face. I love you tenderly.
29. There’s not a single doubt as it is a known fact that you’re for me as I’m for you. I’m glad the day we met. I love you so much.
30. Love for me begins with YOU and I, just as numbers start with 123 and alphabets begin with ABC. I cherish you forever.
31. I’m happy that I have you as you’re the reason for the happiness, joy and peace in my life. I love you beyond the stars.
32. I will caress your body If you let me; I will cuddle you tenderly if you let me, but I will always love you even if you don’t let me. I love you tenderly.
33. You’re my woman and my everything; you’re my one and only and what matters is that we’re together. I love you so much.
34. I’m sending someone to you so that she could see a real example of true love, because she asked me to define love and since you’re my definition of it. I cherish forever.
35. Each and every day my love for you will never fade nor change as its growing with every second of the day. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
36. At the thought of you, my darling my heart glow and leap for joy. I’m blessed to have you in my life. I love you so much.
37. All I want for you is to see your pretty eyes glow with happiness and joy and I wish to see your face brighten up with beautiful smiles. I love you tenderly.
38. Each and every day I always wake up to the thought of you, I know you may call it craziness but I call it Love. I love you so much.
39. I woke up to the thought that something was amiss, then I realized that it was you my sweetheart. I miss you so much. I cherish you forever.
40. You’re always in my heart as it’s where you belong and my love will be wherever you are today and always. I love you beyond the stars.
41. I have being searching and hunting for real and true love and guess what? I found real and true love when I found you my dearest. I love you so much.
42. No matter how far apart we might be in life, my love for you will always stay true. I cherish you forever.
43. My love for you is like air, though you can’t touch or hold it but you can always feel it. I love you tenderly.
44. My life is devoted to you as you alone makes me smile even when I don’t feel like and love me when I don’t deserve it. I love you so much.
Sweet Romantic Love SMS to Send to Him
Sweet Romantic Love SMS to Send to Him
45. I don’t need to be scared of missing your beautiful face when I close my eyes because I will always see it in my dreams. I love you beyond words.
46. If love was a house, I will build it with you; if love was a car, I will drive it with you, and if love was to be a person, it’s definitely going to be YOU. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
47. I love you yesterday; I love you so much today and I will always love you so much more tomorrow than today. I cherish you forever.
48. You’re always on my mind and you also happened to be the reason I wake up each morning with a glowing and beautiful smile on my face. I love you so much.
49. Twenty four hours a day; 7 days a week; 4 weeks a month and 12 months a year, I will always love and cherish you. I love you beyond words.
50. If I was given a chance to review and rewrite the alphabets, guess what I will do? I will put You and I together. I love you tenderly.
51. Saying Love is blind is just a myth, because the moment that I fell in love, I saw you my dear. I cherish you forever.
52. Here is the words that help me describe how I feel about you – I Love You Till Eternity. I cherish every moment with you and I love you so much.
53. Hello dearest, I just wanted you to know that someone special somewhere is reminiscing about you. I love you beyond the stars.
54. My world has become a happier and safer place to live in ever since you came into my life. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
55. We make an unbeatable and unbreakable team as we’re a perfect match. I miss you so much. I love you tenderly.
56. For the last 24 hours have been sitting here thinking about you and your love. I miss you so much it hurts. I love you beyond words.
57. Having an intelligent, awesome, beautiful and amazing woman like you makes me the luckiest man on earth. I love you so much.
58. If it wasn’t for you I don’t know what my life would turned out to be as you’re my strength when I’m weak, you’re my light in at the darkest hour. I cherish you forever.
59. The moment I saw you and you came into my life, you made me whole as you’re my missing piece. I love you beyond the stars.
60. You’re not the sun, but you’re just as hot as it’s because your care and love illuminate my life and heart. I love you tenderly.
61. I can’t wait to see you again and be back in your bosom to cherish and love you. I miss you so much and I cherish you forever.
62. The love and care you bestow upon me it’s more than just a cloud nine sensation as my joy knows no limits whenever you’re around. I love you so much.
63. To describe you in my one sentence, I will say that: You’re My Life. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
64. How you do it, I don’t know but I’m always glad you did as you always make my heart to beat slower and faster at the same time. I love you beyond the stars.
65. No matter how hard I tried, I can’t just stop loving and reminiscing about you. I love you so much.
66. Even though people come and go as time goes on; you and I will always be together because we’re made for each other. I love you beyond words.
67. I just wanted to let you know how much I love you and I’m blessed to have you in my life. I cherish you forever.
68. If my whole body was to be an eye, I wouldn’t blink so as not to miss a second without seeing you. I love you so much.
69. Here’s is a reminder should in case you already forgot; you’re the one for me and you’ll always be. I love you beyond the stars.
70. A life without you is unimaginable and I couldn’t envisage how it would be because I can’t live without you. I love you to the moon and back.
71. Thanks for being there for me today and always. I celebrate you today beloved and I wish you the very best. I love you tenderly.
72. Always remind me to kiss softly and caress tenderly you whenever I’m short of words to describe how much I love you. I love you beyond words.
73. Breath is essential for my existence and survival and caring, adoring and loving you is like breathing which I can’t stop doing. I love you so much.
74. You plus me equals Joy, Peace, Happiness and Goodness today and always. I love you beyond the stars.
Sweet Romantic Love SMS to Send to Her
Sweet Romantic Love SMS to Send to Her
75. As long as I’m with you and loving you, I can never go wrong because loving you always feels right. I love you tenderly.
76. I desire to be with you again as I don’t want to spend another moment without you. I miss you so much my love. I cherish you forever.
77. Everything that I would ever need is with you because when I have you, I have everything I need. I love you so much.
78. A day without you and your love is just an ordinary day as every moment spend away from you is just ordinary. I miss you so much and I love you tenderly.
79. I don’t like the idea of staying away from you. I can’t wait to see you tomorrow, because I miss your presence. I love you beyond the stars.
80. While you’re gone off to work I will definitely miss you so much, I will be here thinking about you until you get back. I cherish you forever.
81. If I could embrace you in my arms today, I will never let you go as I wish we could stay like that forever. I love you so much.
82. Every minute of today you were in my thoughts. I miss you my love. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
83. I wish you the very best thing that life has got to offer today as you go about your day. I love you beyond words.
84. I will always and forever treasure you, because your kind is rare as you happened to be my angel. I love you to the moon and back.
85. My love for you is constant and eternal because it has no ending. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
86. I’m anxiously waiting for you to come back home because I miss you today like never before. I love you so much.
87. Either I open my eyes or I close it I will always behold your beautiful face. I love you so much.
88. I’m honoured to have you as my man; you’re loyal, humble, smart, kind, caring and loving. I cherish you forever.
89. As long as I’m with you there is no risk that I’m not prepared to take. I love you to the moon and back.
90. I would swim across the largest ocean in the world just to brighten up your face. I love you beyond the stars.
91. If caring and loving you is against the ordinance, I will be honoured to serve time in the prison. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
92. I just want you to know that I will always cherish and love you till the end of time. I love you so much.
93. I am never going to let you go, because it took me so many years to find someone so special and beautiful like you, my love. I love you to the moon and back.
94. I will always adore, care and love you like no other, because you’ve loved and cared for me like no one else does. I love you tenderly.
95. If you don’t know, know it now that my world has no meaning without you nor your love. I cherish you forever.
96. You’re the reason why I always wake up feeling better and awesome. I’m happy you’re mine. I love you beyond the stars.
97. There are no words enough to tell you how awesome, beautiful, amazing and special you are. I’m delighted to have you. I love you beyond words.
98. The way you kiss, caress, adore and love me makes my heart to glow and melt. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
99. All thanks to you, my dearest because my life and world has never been this better and beautiful. I cherish you forever.
100. I wouldn’t mind to walk hundred thousand miles just to be with you, because a moment with you is better than a thousand elsewhere. I love you so much.
Yes, Sweet Romantic Love Messages for Your Boyfriend or Girlfriend.
1. I asked for a rose, I was given a bouquet of flowers; I asked for a bouquet, I got a garden. And then I asked for you and you were given to me. I love you beyond the stars.
2. True and real love is very rare to find, just like precious stones. I must be very lucky to have found someone like you. I cherish you forever.
Sweet Romantic Love Messages to Send to Him
Sweet Romantic Love Messages to Send to Him
3. When I’m with you I’m always inspired to be better as you’ve changed my life and world for the better. I love you tenderly.
4. Just to be with you I wouldn’t mind to climb the highest mountain or swim across the largest sea. I miss you. I love you beyond words.
5. Even when you’re millions miles away you’re still very close to me as you’re always in my heart where you belong. I love you so much.
6. What more can I say? I love your beautiful smile; I adore your pretty eyes and I love you to the moon and back. I cherish you forever.
7. I cherish the way you care, respect, honour, admire and love me. You’re indeed my one and only. I love you so much.
8. Curling up in my sofa, the thought of why do I love you run through my mind, then I realized that because you’re you and no one else. Thanks for being real. I love you tenderly.
9. God blessed me with you and for the rest of my life I will always blessed God for you and through you. I cherish you forever.
10. No other woman can ever take your place in my heart and I will always treasure and love you till the end of time. I love you beyond words.
11. You’re beautiful as a rose; sweet as honey and your glowing smiling face shines like stars in the night sky. I love you so much.
12. God knows that I will love you tenderly and He chose you amongst the rest for me alone. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
13. I’m glad to have you as my friend, lover and a teacher as you’ve taught me how to love. I cherish you forever.
14. I feel safer in your arms; I feel better in your presence and I feel loved and cared for whenever we’re together. I love you so much.
15. Stay with me today and forever, because it’s with you alone that I feel loved and safer than ever before. I love you beyond the stars.
16. Do you want to know what keeps me going? Your care and love makes me glow and keeps me going. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
17. We’ll always get back together even though there were times when we quarreled because we’re meant for each other. I love you so much.
18. I can’t live without you or your love because you and your love are what I need to stay alive. I cherish you forever.
19. If I write your name on the sky, the wind might blow it away; if I write it on the beach sand, it might be washed away by the sea, but I’ve written it in my heart where neither wind nor sea can wipe it off. I love you so much.
20. I will forever and always cherish, honour, respect and love you as we’re meant to be together till the end of time. I cherish you forever.
21. If I could hold your hand and be with you forever and always, I would. We’re made for each other. I love you beyond the stars.
22. The day I saw you and you came into my life, was the same day that all my dreams came true. I’m glad you’re mine. I love you so much.
23. I can never stop reminiscing about you and your love for me as its what I need for my survival because thinking about you is like taking a breath. I love you tenderly.
24. Here is what I desire, hope and dream of: to be with you; to adore and cherish you and to love you till the end of time. I cherish you forever.
Sweet Romantic Love Messages to Send to Her
Sweet Romantic Love Messages to Send to Her
25. When I was asked to describe what LOVE is, I found myself talking all about you. Then I realized that you’re indeed a definition of LOVE to ME. I love you beyond words.
26. For us to keep the fire of our love burning and keep it glowing, all we need is each other – You and I. I love you so much.
27. I am for you as you are for me and we’ll always love and cherish each other till the end of time. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
28. The glowing beautiful smile on my face is all your doing as you’re the reason for the smiles on my face. I love you tenderly.
29. There’s not a single doubt as it is a known fact that you’re for me as I’m for you. I’m glad the day we met. I love you so much.
30. Love for me begins with YOU and I, just as numbers start with 123 and alphabets begin with ABC. I cherish you forever.
31. I’m happy that I have you as you’re the reason for the happiness, joy and peace in my life. I love you beyond the stars.
32. I will caress your body If you let me; I will cuddle you tenderly if you let me, but I will always love you even if you don’t let me. I love you tenderly.
33. You’re my woman and my everything; you’re my one and only and what matters is that we’re together. I love you so much.
34. I’m sending someone to you so that she could see a real example of true love, because she asked me to define love and since you’re my definition of it. I cherish forever.
35. Each and every day my love for you will never fade nor change as its growing with every second of the day. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
36. At the thought of you, my darling my heart glow and leap for joy. I’m blessed to have you in my life. I love you so much.
37. All I want for you is to see your pretty eyes glow with happiness and joy and I wish to see your face brighten up with beautiful smiles. I love you tenderly.
38. Each and every day I always wake up to the thought of you, I know you may call it craziness but I call it Love. I love you so much.
39. I woke up to the thought that something was amiss, then I realized that it was you my sweetheart. I miss you so much. I cherish you forever.
40. You’re always in my heart as it’s where you belong and my love will be wherever you are today and always. I love you beyond the stars.
41. I have being searching and hunting for real and true love and guess what? I found real and true love when I found you my dearest. I love you so much.
42. No matter how far apart we might be in life, my love for you will always stay true. I cherish you forever.
43. My love for you is like air, though you can’t touch or hold it but you can always feel it. I love you tenderly.
44. My life is devoted to you as you alone makes me smile even when I don’t feel like and love me when I don’t deserve it. I love you so much.
Sweet Romantic Love SMS to Send to Him
Sweet Romantic Love SMS to Send to Him
45. I don’t need to be scared of missing your beautiful face when I close my eyes because I will always see it in my dreams. I love you beyond words.
46. If love was a house, I will build it with you; if love was a car, I will drive it with you, and if love was to be a person, it’s definitely going to be YOU. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
47. I love you yesterday; I love you so much today and I will always love you so much more tomorrow than today. I cherish you forever.
48. You’re always on my mind and you also happened to be the reason I wake up each morning with a glowing and beautiful smile on my face. I love you so much.
49. Twenty four hours a day; 7 days a week; 4 weeks a month and 12 months a year, I will always love and cherish you. I love you beyond words.
50. If I was given a chance to review and rewrite the alphabets, guess what I will do? I will put You and I together. I love you tenderly.
51. Saying Love is blind is just a myth, because the moment that I fell in love, I saw you my dear. I cherish you forever.
52. Here is the words that help me describe how I feel about you – I Love You Till Eternity. I cherish every moment with you and I love you so much.
53. Hello dearest, I just wanted you to know that someone special somewhere is reminiscing about you. I love you beyond the stars.
54. My world has become a happier and safer place to live in ever since you came into my life. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
55. We make an unbeatable and unbreakable team as we’re a perfect match. I miss you so much. I love you tenderly.
56. For the last 24 hours have been sitting here thinking about you and your love. I miss you so much it hurts. I love you beyond words.
57. Having an intelligent, awesome, beautiful and amazing woman like you makes me the luckiest man on earth. I love you so much.
58. If it wasn’t for you I don’t know what my life would turned out to be as you’re my strength when I’m weak, you’re my light in at the darkest hour. I cherish you forever.
59. The moment I saw you and you came into my life, you made me whole as you’re my missing piece. I love you beyond the stars.
60. You’re not the sun, but you’re just as hot as it’s because your care and love illuminate my life and heart. I love you tenderly.
61. I can’t wait to see you again and be back in your bosom to cherish and love you. I miss you so much and I cherish you forever.
62. The love and care you bestow upon me it’s more than just a cloud nine sensation as my joy knows no limits whenever you’re around. I love you so much.
63. To describe you in my one sentence, I will say that: You’re My Life. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
64. How you do it, I don’t know but I’m always glad you did as you always make my heart to beat slower and faster at the same time. I love you beyond the stars.
65. No matter how hard I tried, I can’t just stop loving and reminiscing about you. I love you so much.
66. Even though people come and go as time goes on; you and I will always be together because we’re made for each other. I love you beyond words.
67. I just wanted to let you know how much I love you and I’m blessed to have you in my life. I cherish you forever.
68. If my whole body was to be an eye, I wouldn’t blink so as not to miss a second without seeing you. I love you so much.
69. Here’s is a reminder should in case you already forgot; you’re the one for me and you’ll always be. I love you beyond the stars.
70. A life without you is unimaginable and I couldn’t envisage how it would be because I can’t live without you. I love you to the moon and back.
71. Thanks for being there for me today and always. I celebrate you today beloved and I wish you the very best. I love you tenderly.
72. Always remind me to kiss softly and caress tenderly you whenever I’m short of words to describe how much I love you. I love you beyond words.
73. Breath is essential for my existence and survival and caring, adoring and loving you is like breathing which I can’t stop doing. I love you so much.
74. You plus me equals Joy, Peace, Happiness and Goodness today and always. I love you beyond the stars.
Sweet Romantic Love SMS to Send to Her
Sweet Romantic Love SMS to Send to Her
75. As long as I’m with you and loving you, I can never go wrong because loving you always feels right. I love you tenderly.
76. I desire to be with you again as I don’t want to spend another moment without you. I miss you so much my love. I cherish you forever.
77. Everything that I would ever need is with you because when I have you, I have everything I need. I love you so much.
78. A day without you and your love is just an ordinary day as every moment spend away from you is just ordinary. I miss you so much and I love you tenderly.
79. I don’t like the idea of staying away from you. I can’t wait to see you tomorrow, because I miss your presence. I love you beyond the stars.
80. While you’re gone off to work I will definitely miss you so much, I will be here thinking about you until you get back. I cherish you forever.
81. If I could embrace you in my arms today, I will never let you go as I wish we could stay like that forever. I love you so much.
82. Every minute of today you were in my thoughts. I miss you my love. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
83. I wish you the very best thing that life has got to offer today as you go about your day. I love you beyond words.
84. I will always and forever treasure you, because your kind is rare as you happened to be my angel. I love you to the moon and back.
85. My love for you is constant and eternal because it has no ending. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
86. I’m anxiously waiting for you to come back home because I miss you today like never before. I love you so much.
87. Either I open my eyes or I close it I will always behold your beautiful face. I love you so much.
88. I’m honoured to have you as my man; you’re loyal, humble, smart, kind, caring and loving. I cherish you forever.
89. As long as I’m with you there is no risk that I’m not prepared to take. I love you to the moon and back.
90. I would swim across the largest ocean in the world just to brighten up your face. I love you beyond the stars.
91. If caring and loving you is against the ordinance, I will be honoured to serve time in the prison. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
92. I just want you to know that I will always cherish and love you till the end of time. I love you so much.
93. I am never going to let you go, because it took me so many years to find someone so special and beautiful like you, my love. I love you to the moon and back.
94. I will always adore, care and love you like no other, because you’ve loved and cared for me like no one else does. I love you tenderly.
95. If you don’t know, know it now that my world has no meaning without you nor your love. I cherish you forever.
96. You’re the reason why I always wake up feeling better and awesome. I’m happy you’re mine. I love you beyond the stars.
97. There are no words enough to tell you how awesome, beautiful, amazing and special you are. I’m delighted to have you. I love you beyond words.
98. The way you kiss, caress, adore and love me makes my heart to glow and melt. I love you so much more than you could ever imagine.
99. All thanks to you, my dearest because my life and world has never been this better and beautiful. I cherish you forever.
100. I wouldn’t mind to walk hundred thousand miles just to be with you, because a moment with you is better than a thousand elsewhere. I love you so much.
Friday, 2 February 2018
The 8 Home Remedies & Best Ways to Quit Smoking
Not sure how to quit smoking cigarettes? Try one of these 20+
ways to stop smoking and start your path towards a healthier, smoke-free
life.
Make an honest list of all the things you like about smoking. Draw a line down the center of a piece of paper and write them on one side; on the other side make a list of all the things you dislike, such as how it can interfere with your health, work, family, etc., suggests Daniel Z. Lieberman, M.D., director of the Clinical Psychiatric Research Center at George Washington University Medical Center in Washington, D.C. Think about the list over time, and make changes. If you are brave enough, get feedback from family and friends about things they don’t like about your use of cigarettes. When the negative side outweighs the positive side, you are ready to quit.
Then make another list of why quitting won’t be easy. Be thorough, even
if the list gets long and discouraging. Here’s the important part: Next
to each entry, list one or more options for overcoming that challenge.
For instance, one item might be: “Nicotine is an addictive drug.” Your
option might be: “Try a nicotine replacement alternative.” Another
reason might be: “Smoking helps me deal with stress.” Your option might
be: “Take five-minute walks instead.” The more you anticipate the changes to quitting and their solutions, teou anticipate the
challenges to quitting, and their solutions, the better your chance of
sucess
Set a quit date. Write a “quit date contract” that includes your signature and that of a supportive witne
Write all your reasons for quitting on an index card. Here are some to get you started: “My daughter, my granddaughter, my husband, my wife…” You get the idea. Keep it near you at all times.
As you’re getting ready to quit, stop buying cartons of cigarettes. Instead, only buy a pack at a time, and only carry two or three with you at a time (try putting them in an Altoids tin). Eventually you’ll find that when you want a smoke, you won’t have any immediately available. That will slowly wean you down to fewer cigarettes
Keep a list of when you smoke for a week before quitting. Also note what you’re doing at the time and how bad the craving is to see if specific times of the day or activities increase your cravings, suggests Gaylene Mooney, chair of the American Association for Respiratory Care’s Subcommittee on Smoking and Tobacco-Related Issues.
Prepare a list of things to do when a craving hits. Suggestions include: take a walk, drink a glass of water, kiss your partner or child, throw the ball for the dog, play a game, wash the car, clean out a cupboard or closet, have sex, chew a piece of gum, wash your face, brush your teeth, take a nap, get a cup of coffee or tea, practice your deep breathing, light a candle. Make copies of the list and keep one with you at all times so when the craving hits, you can whip out the list and quickly do something from it
Quit when you’re in a good mood. Studies find that you’re less likely to be a successful quitter if you quit when you’re depressed or under a great deal of stress.
Make an honest list of all the things you like about smoking. Draw a line down the center of a piece of paper and write them on one side; on the other side make a list of all the things you dislike, such as how it can interfere with your health, work, family, etc., suggests Daniel Z. Lieberman, M.D., director of the Clinical Psychiatric Research Center at George Washington University Medical Center in Washington, D.C. Think about the list over time, and make changes. If you are brave enough, get feedback from family and friends about things they don’t like about your use of cigarettes. When the negative side outweighs the positive side, you are ready to quit.
Then make another list of why quitting won’t be easy. Be thorough, even
if the list gets long and discouraging. Here’s the important part: Next
to each entry, list one or more options for overcoming that challenge.
For instance, one item might be: “Nicotine is an addictive drug.” Your
option might be: “Try a nicotine replacement alternative.” Another
reason might be: “Smoking helps me deal with stress.” Your option might
be: “Take five-minute walks instead.” The more you anticipate the changes to quitting and their solutions, teou anticipate the
challenges to quitting, and their solutions, the better your chance of
sucess
Set a quit date. Write a “quit date contract” that includes your signature and that of a supportive witne
Write all your reasons for quitting on an index card. Here are some to get you started: “My daughter, my granddaughter, my husband, my wife…” You get the idea. Keep it near you at all times.
As you’re getting ready to quit, stop buying cartons of cigarettes. Instead, only buy a pack at a time, and only carry two or three with you at a time (try putting them in an Altoids tin). Eventually you’ll find that when you want a smoke, you won’t have any immediately available. That will slowly wean you down to fewer cigarettes
Keep a list of when you smoke for a week before quitting. Also note what you’re doing at the time and how bad the craving is to see if specific times of the day or activities increase your cravings, suggests Gaylene Mooney, chair of the American Association for Respiratory Care’s Subcommittee on Smoking and Tobacco-Related Issues.
Prepare a list of things to do when a craving hits. Suggestions include: take a walk, drink a glass of water, kiss your partner or child, throw the ball for the dog, play a game, wash the car, clean out a cupboard or closet, have sex, chew a piece of gum, wash your face, brush your teeth, take a nap, get a cup of coffee or tea, practice your deep breathing, light a candle. Make copies of the list and keep one with you at all times so when the craving hits, you can whip out the list and quickly do something from it
Quit when you’re in a good mood. Studies find that you’re less likely to be a successful quitter if you quit when you’re depressed or under a great deal of stress.
Natural Home Remedies to Get Rid of Cough
Got a nagging cough? Before you reach for an over-the-counter cough
suppressant, try one of these natural remedies for a home cure.
Steep some thyme. Thyme is an officially approved German remedy for coughs, upper respiratory infections, bronchitis, and whooping cough, with good reason: Those tiny leaves are packed with cough-suppressant compounds. Thyme flavonoids relax tracheal and ileal muscles, which are involved in coughing, and also reduce inflammation and headaches. For a homemade tea, mix 2 teaspoons crushed leaves in 1 cup boiling water, cover, then steep for 10 minutes and strain.
Fight with flax, honey, and lemon. Boiling flaxseeds in water gives you a
thick, gooey gel that eases throat and bronchial tract discomfort.
Honey and lemon act as mild antibiotics, and make this syrup
super-soothing. For this at-home remedy, boil 2 to 3 tablespoons of
flaxseeds in 1 cup of water until the water becomes thick. Strain, then
add 3 tablespoons each of honey and lemon juice. Take 1 tablespoon as
needed for cough suppression.
Brew black pepper tea for a wet cough. This home remedy is rooted in two
very different traditions: New England folk medicine and traditional
Chinese medicine. The rationale behind it is that black pepper
stimulates circulation and mucus flow; honey is a natural cough
suppressant and mild antibiotic. To make the tea, place 1 teaspoon of
freshly ground black pepper and 2 tablespoons of honey in a cup. Fill
with boiling water and let steep, covered, for 15 minutes. Strain and
sip as needed. This remedy works best on coughs that produce mucus and
isn’t suitable for dry coughs.
Suck a lemon for fast-acting cough relief. This isn’t for the faint of
heart, but it is one of the more commonly used home remedies: Quarter a
fresh lemon, sprinkle it with lots of black pepper and salt, and suck on
it for for quick relief.
Sip some warm milk. Another popular home cough suppressant is a cup of hot milk sweetened with honey.
Some ancient traditions believe almonds help relieve bronchial problems,
including coughs. They recommend blending a few teaspoons of finely
ground almonds with a cup of orange juice and sipping as a natural
remedy.
Steep some thyme. Thyme is an officially approved German remedy for coughs, upper respiratory infections, bronchitis, and whooping cough, with good reason: Those tiny leaves are packed with cough-suppressant compounds. Thyme flavonoids relax tracheal and ileal muscles, which are involved in coughing, and also reduce inflammation and headaches. For a homemade tea, mix 2 teaspoons crushed leaves in 1 cup boiling water, cover, then steep for 10 minutes and strain.
Fight with flax, honey, and lemon. Boiling flaxseeds in water gives you a
thick, gooey gel that eases throat and bronchial tract discomfort.
Honey and lemon act as mild antibiotics, and make this syrup
super-soothing. For this at-home remedy, boil 2 to 3 tablespoons of
flaxseeds in 1 cup of water until the water becomes thick. Strain, then
add 3 tablespoons each of honey and lemon juice. Take 1 tablespoon as
needed for cough suppression.
Brew black pepper tea for a wet cough. This home remedy is rooted in two
very different traditions: New England folk medicine and traditional
Chinese medicine. The rationale behind it is that black pepper
stimulates circulation and mucus flow; honey is a natural cough
suppressant and mild antibiotic. To make the tea, place 1 teaspoon of
freshly ground black pepper and 2 tablespoons of honey in a cup. Fill
with boiling water and let steep, covered, for 15 minutes. Strain and
sip as needed. This remedy works best on coughs that produce mucus and
isn’t suitable for dry coughs.
Suck a lemon for fast-acting cough relief. This isn’t for the faint of
heart, but it is one of the more commonly used home remedies: Quarter a
fresh lemon, sprinkle it with lots of black pepper and salt, and suck on
it for for quick relief.
Sip some warm milk. Another popular home cough suppressant is a cup of hot milk sweetened with honey.
Some ancient traditions believe almonds help relieve bronchial problems,
including coughs. They recommend blending a few teaspoons of finely
ground almonds with a cup of orange juice and sipping as a natural
remedy.
introduction to arhitecture
Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures.[3] Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.
The term architecture is also used metaphorically to refer to the design of organizations and other abstract concepts. See glossary of architecture.
Architecture can mean:
The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD.[8] According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas,[9][10] commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodity and delight. An equivalent in modern English would be:
The most important aspect of beauty was, therefore, an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially, and was based on universal, recognisable truths. The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari:[11] by the 18th century, his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish, and English.
In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts
(1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial
world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval
world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture."
The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".[12]
For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.[12]
On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".[13]
Le Corbusier's contemporary Ludwig Mies van der Rohe said "Architecture starts when you carefully put two bricks together. There it begins."[14]
While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.
Nunzia
Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes
beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human
sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values,
architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming
that, in and of itself, it will promote social development.'
To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality".[15]
Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.
Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials
and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began
to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a
craft, and
"architecture" is the name given to the most highly formalized and
respected versions of that craft. It is widely assumed that
architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error,
with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the
process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture
continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacular
buildings make up most of the built world that people experience every
day. Early human settlements were mostly rural. Due to a surplus in production the economy began to expand resulting in urbanization thus creating urban areas which grew and evolved very rapidly in some cases, such as that of Çatal Höyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.
The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders. Roman architecture was influenced by Greek architecture as they incorporated many Greek elements into their building practices.[16]
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are religious.
The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.
The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.
A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the generalist.
Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.
Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental. House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals.
When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes. They rejected the architectural practice of the academic refinement of historical styles which served the rapidly declining aristocratic order. The approach of the Modernist architects was to reduce buildings to pure forms, removing historical references and ornament in favor of functionalist details. Buildings displayed their functional and structural elements, exposing steel beams and concrete surfaces instead of hiding them behind decorative forms. Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.
Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industrial Revolution, including steel-frame construction, which gave birth to high-rise superstructures. By mid-century, Modernism had morphed into the International Style, an aesthetic epitomized in many ways by the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center designed by Minoru Yamasaki.
One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, others consider it to be a school in its own right and a later development of expressionist architecture.[17]
Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the United States, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti, Michele Valori, Bruno Zevi in Italy, who collectively popularized an interest in a new contemporary architecture aimed at expanding human experience using historical buildings as models and precedents.[18] Postmodernism produced a style that combined contemporary building technology and cheap materials, with the aesthetics of older pre-modern and non-modern styles, from high classical architecture to popular or vernacular regional building styles. Robert Venturi famously defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed" (an ordinary building which is functionally designed inside and embellished on the outside), and upheld it against modernist and brutalist "ducks" (buildings with unnecessarily expressive tectonic forms).[19]
Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate cost. Major examples of this can be found in passive solar building design, greener roof designs, biodegradable materials, and more attention to a structure's energy usage. This major shift in architecture has also changed architecture schools to focus more on the environment. There has been an acceleration in the number of buildings which seek to meet green building sustainable design principles. Sustainable practices that were at the core of vernacular architecture increasingly provide inspiration for environmentally and socially sustainable contemporary techniques.[20] The U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system has been instrumental in this.[21][quantify]
Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design.[22][23] This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as well as leaning against solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl.[24] Glass curtain walls, which were the hallmark of the ultra modern urban life in many countries surfaced even in developing countries like Nigeria where international styles had been represented since the mid 20th Century mostly because of the leanings of foreign-trained architects.[25]
Business
architecture is defined as "a blueprint of the enterprise that provides
a common understanding of the organization and is used to align
strategic objectives and tactical demands."[27] People who develop and maintain business architecture are known as business architects.
Business architecture is the bridge between the enterprise business model and enterprise strategy on one side, and the business functionality of the enterprise on the other side.
The Institute of Creative Technologies defines cognitive architecture as: "hypothesis about the fixed structures that provide a mind, whether in natural or artificial systems, and how they work together – in conjunction with knowledge and skills embodied within the architecture – to yield intelligent behavior in a diversity of complex environments."[28]
In computer engineering, "computer architecture" is a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization, and implementation of computer systems. Some definitions of architecture define it as describing the capabilities and programming model of a computer but not a particular implementation.[29] In other definitions computer architecture involves instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, logic design, and implementation.[30]
Practitioners of enterprise architecture, enterprise architects, are responsible for performing the analysis of business structure and processes and are often called upon to draw conclusions from the information collected to address the goals of enterprise architecture: effectiveness, efficiency, agility, and durability.[32]
Interior
architecture is the design of a space which has been created by
structural boundaries and the human interaction within these boundaries.
It can also be the initial design and plan for use, then later redesign
to accommodate a changed purpose, or a significantly revised design for
adaptive reuse of the building shell.[33] The latter is often part of sustainable architecture
practices, conserving resources through "recycling" a structure by
adaptive redesign. Generally referred to as the spatial art of
environmental design, form and practice, interior architecture is the
process through which the interiors of buildings are designed, concerned
with all aspects of the human uses of structural spaces. Put simply,
Interior Architecture is the design of an interior in architectural
terms.
Landscape
architecture is the design of outdoor public areas, landmarks, and
structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioral, or aesthetic
outcomes.[34]
It involves the systematic investigation of existing social,
ecological, and soil conditions and processes in the landscape, and the
design of interventions that will produce the desired outcome. The scope
of the profession includes landscape design; site planning; stormwater management; environmental restoration; parks and recreation planning; visual resource management; green infrastructure planning and provision; and private estate and residence
landscape master planning and design; all at varying scales of design,
planning and management. A practitioner in the profession of landscape
architecture is called a landscape architect.
Naval architecture, also known as naval engineering, is an engineering discipline dealing with the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures.[35][36]
Naval architecture involves basic and applied research, design,
development, design evaluation and calculations during all stages of the
life of a marine vehicle. Preliminary design of the vessel, its
detailed design, construction, trials, operation and maintenance, launching and dry-docking are the main activities involved. Ship design calculations are also required for ships being modified
(by means of conversion, rebuilding, modernization, or repair). Naval
architecture also involves formulation of safety regulations and damage
control rules and the approval and certification of ship designs to meet
statutory and non-statutory requirements.
Software architecture is about making fundamental structural choices which are costly to change once implemented. Software architecture choices, also called architectural decisions, include specific structural options from possibilities in the design of software. For example, the systems that controlled the space shuttle launch vehicle had the requirement of being very fast and very reliable. Therefore, an appropriate real-time computing language would need to be chosen. Additionally, to satisfy the need for reliability the choice could be made to have multiple redundant and independently produced copies of the program, and to run these copies on independent hardware while cross-checking results.
Documenting software architecture facilitates communication between stakeholders, captures decisions about the architecture design, and allows reuse of design components between projects.[39]:pp.29–35
A system architecture can comprise system components that will work together to implement the overall system. There have been efforts to formalize languages to describe system architecture, collectively these are called architecture description languages (ADLs).[41][42]
A design architect is one who is responsible for the design.
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Brunelleschi, in the building of the dome of Florence Cathedral in the early 15th century, not only transformed the building and the city, but also the role and status of the architect.[1][2]
Plan of the second floor (attic storey) of the Hôtel de Brionne in Paris - Date:1734
Definitions and etymology
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek ἀρχιτέκτων arkhitekton "architect", from ἀ"chief" and τέκτων "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures.Architecture can mean:
- A general term to describe buildings and other physical structures.[4]
- The art and science of designing buildings and (some) nonbuilding structures.[4]
- The style of design and method of construction of buildings and other physical structures.[4]
- A unifying or coherent form or structure[5]
- Knowledge of art, science, technology, and humanity.[4]
- The design activity of the architect,[4] from the macro-level (urban design, landscape architecture) to the micro-level (construction details and furniture). The practice of the architect, where architecture means offering or rendering professional services in connection with the design and construction of buildings, or built environments.[6]
Theory of architecture
Historic treatises
The Parthenon, Athens, Greece, "the supreme example among architectural sites." (Fletcher).[7]
- Durability – a building should stand up robustly and remain in good condition.
- Utility – it should be suitable for the purposes for which it is used.
- Beauty – it should be aesthetically pleasing.
The most important aspect of beauty was, therefore, an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially, and was based on universal, recognisable truths. The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari:[11] by the 18th century, his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish, and English.
The Houses of Parliament, Westminster, master-planned by Charles Barry, with interiors and details by A.W.N. Pugin
The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".[12]
For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least.[12]
On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".[13]
Le Corbusier's contemporary Ludwig Mies van der Rohe said "Architecture starts when you carefully put two bricks together. There it begins."[14]
The National Congress of Brazil, designed by Oscar Niemeyer
Modern concepts
The notable 19th-century architect of skyscrapers, Louis Sullivan, promoted an overriding precept to architectural design: "Form follows function".While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, perception and enjoyment of a building, not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural.
Sydney Opera House, Australia designed by Jørn Utzon
To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality".[15]
Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.
History
Origins and vernacular architecture
Pre-historic model of a planned pre-historic temple, at the National Museum of Archaeology in Valletta
- Vernacular architecture in Norway: wood and elevated-level
- In Lesotho: rondavel stones.
.JPG)
Ancient architecture
In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or the state itself.The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders. Roman architecture was influenced by Greek architecture as they incorporated many Greek elements into their building practices.[16]
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are religious.
- The Pyramids at Giza in Egypt
- The Parthenon in Athens, Greece.
-
Add caption Roman aqueduct in Segovia, Spain.
Asian architecture
Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is governed by concepts laid down in the Shastras, and is concerned with expressing the macrocosm and the microcosm. In many Asian countries, pantheistic religion led to architectural forms that were designed specifically to enhance the natural landscape.
- Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul, South Korea.
- Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion), Kyoto, Japan.
- The Great Red Gate at the Ming Tombs near Beijing, China.
- Bahay na Bato houses in Philippines
Islamic architecture
Islamic architecture began in the 7th century CE, incorporating architectural forms from the ancient Middle East and Byzantium, but also developing features to suit the religious and social needs of the society. Examples can be found throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and the Indian Sub-continent.- Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem.
- Taj Mahal in Agra, India.
- Alhambra , Granada, Spain.
- Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul
Middle Ages
In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporary documents.The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.
- Notre Dame de Paris, France.
- The Tower of London, England.
- Doge's Palace, Venice, Italy.
Renaissance and the architect
In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brunelleschi, Alberti, Michelangelo, Palladio – and the cult of the individual had begun. There was still no dividing line between artist, architect and engineer, or any of the related vocations, and the appellation was often one of regional preference.A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the generalist.
- St. Peter's Basilica, Rome, Italy.
- Palazzo Farnese, Rome, Italy.
- Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy.
Early modern and the industrial age
With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gentleman architect" who usually dealt with wealthy clients and concentrated predominantly on visual qualities derived usually from historical prototypes, typified by the many country houses of Great Britain that were created in the Neo Gothic or Scottish Baronial styles. Formal architectural training in the 19th century, for example at École des Beaux-Arts in France, gave much emphasis to the production of beautiful drawings and little to context and feasibility.Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.
Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental. House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals.
- Palais Garnier, Paris, France.
- Pont Alexandre III Paris, France.
- Congeso Nacional Palace, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Modernism
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machine made objects. The rise of the profession of industrial design is usually placed here. Following this lead, the Bauhaus school, founded in Weimar, Germany in 1919, redefined the architectural bounds prior set throughout history, viewing the creation of a building as the ultimate synthesis—the apex—of art, craft, and technology.When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes. They rejected the architectural practice of the academic refinement of historical styles which served the rapidly declining aristocratic order. The approach of the Modernist architects was to reduce buildings to pure forms, removing historical references and ornament in favor of functionalist details. Buildings displayed their functional and structural elements, exposing steel beams and concrete surfaces instead of hiding them behind decorative forms. Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.
Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industrial Revolution, including steel-frame construction, which gave birth to high-rise superstructures. By mid-century, Modernism had morphed into the International Style, an aesthetic epitomized in many ways by the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center designed by Minoru Yamasaki.
- The Bauhaus school building in Dessau, Germany.
- Guggenheim Museum, New York City, United States.
- Cathedral of Brasília, Brazil.
Postmodernism
Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles. As the first generation of modernists began to die after World War II, a second generation of architects including Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism, buildings with expressive sculptural façades made of unfinished concrete. But an even new younger postwar generation critiqued modernism and Brutalism for being too austere, standardized, monotone, and not taking into account the richness of human experience offered in historical buildings across time and in different places and cultures.One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, others consider it to be a school in its own right and a later development of expressionist architecture.[17]
Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the United States, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti, Michele Valori, Bruno Zevi in Italy, who collectively popularized an interest in a new contemporary architecture aimed at expanding human experience using historical buildings as models and precedents.[18] Postmodernism produced a style that combined contemporary building technology and cheap materials, with the aesthetics of older pre-modern and non-modern styles, from high classical architecture to popular or vernacular regional building styles. Robert Venturi famously defined postmodern architecture as a "decorated shed" (an ordinary building which is functionally designed inside and embellished on the outside), and upheld it against modernist and brutalist "ducks" (buildings with unnecessarily expressive tectonic forms).[19]
- The Dancing House, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Sydney Opera House, Australia.
- The Petronas Tower in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Architecture today
Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, there has been an increased separation of the 'design' architect [Notes 1] from the 'project' architect who ensures that the project meets the required standards and deals with matters of liability.[Notes 2] The preparatory processes for the design of any large building have become increasingly complicated, and require preliminary studies of such matters as durability, sustainability, quality, money, and compliance with local laws. A large structure can no longer be the design of one person but must be the work of many. Modernism and Postmodernism have been criticised by some members of the architectural profession who feel that successful architecture is not a personal, philosophical, or aesthetic pursuit by individualists; rather it has to consider everyday needs of people and use technology to create liveable environments, with the design process being informed by studies of behavioral, environmental, and social sciences.Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate cost. Major examples of this can be found in passive solar building design, greener roof designs, biodegradable materials, and more attention to a structure's energy usage. This major shift in architecture has also changed architecture schools to focus more on the environment. There has been an acceleration in the number of buildings which seek to meet green building sustainable design principles. Sustainable practices that were at the core of vernacular architecture increasingly provide inspiration for environmentally and socially sustainable contemporary techniques.[20] The U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system has been instrumental in this.[21][quantify]
Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design.[22][23] This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as well as leaning against solitary housing estates and suburban sprawl.[24] Glass curtain walls, which were the hallmark of the ultra modern urban life in many countries surfaced even in developing countries like Nigeria where international styles had been represented since the mid 20th Century mostly because of the leanings of foreign-trained architects.[25]
- Bird's Nest stadiumentertaimenttips.com, Beijing, China.
- London City Hall, England.
- Auditorio de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain..
Business architecture
Aspects of the Business Represented by Business Architecture[26]
Business architecture is the bridge between the enterprise business model and enterprise strategy on one side, and the business functionality of the enterprise on the other side.
Cognitive architecture
Cognitive architecture can refer to a theory about the structure of the human mind. One of the main goals of a cognitive architecture is to summarize the various results of cognitive psychology in a comprehensive computer model. However, the results need to be in a formalized form so far that they can be the basis of a computer program. The formalized models can be used to further refine a comprehensive theory of cognition, and more immediately, as a commercially usable model. Successful cognitive architectures include ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought, ACT) and SOAR.The Institute of Creative Technologies defines cognitive architecture as: "hypothesis about the fixed structures that provide a mind, whether in natural or artificial systems, and how they work together – in conjunction with knowledge and skills embodied within the architecture – to yield intelligent behavior in a diversity of complex environments."[28]
Computer architecture
Pipelined implementation of MIPS architecture.
Enterprise architecture
Enterprise architecture (EA) is "a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning, and implementation, using a holistic approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy. Enterprise architecture applies architecture principles and practices to guide organizations through the business, information, process, and technology changes necessary to execute their strategies. These practices utilize the various aspects of an enterprise to identify, motivate, and achieve these changes."[31]Practitioners of enterprise architecture, enterprise architects, are responsible for performing the analysis of business structure and processes and are often called upon to draw conclusions from the information collected to address the goals of enterprise architecture: effectiveness, efficiency, agility, and durability.[32]
Interior architecture
Charles Rennie Mackintosh - Music Room 1901
Landscape architecture
Orangery at the Palace of Versailles, outside Paris
Body plan of a ship showing the hull form
Software architecture
Software architecture refers to the fundamental structures of a software system, the discipline of creating such structures, and the documentation of these structures. These structures are needed to reason about the software system. Each structure comprises software elements, relations among them, and properties of both elements and relations,[37] along with rationale for the introduction and configuration of each element. The architecture of a software system is a metaphor, analogous to the architecture of a building.[38]Software architecture is about making fundamental structural choices which are costly to change once implemented. Software architecture choices, also called architectural decisions, include specific structural options from possibilities in the design of software. For example, the systems that controlled the space shuttle launch vehicle had the requirement of being very fast and very reliable. Therefore, an appropriate real-time computing language would need to be chosen. Additionally, to satisfy the need for reliability the choice could be made to have multiple redundant and independently produced copies of the program, and to run these copies on independent hardware while cross-checking results.
Documenting software architecture facilitates communication between stakeholders, captures decisions about the architecture design, and allows reuse of design components between projects.[39]:pp.29–35
System architecture
System architecture is a conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior, and more views of a system.[40] An architecture description is a formal description and representation of a system, organized in a way that supports reasoning about the structures and behaviors of the system.A system architecture can comprise system components that will work together to implement the overall system. There have been efforts to formalize languages to describe system architecture, collectively these are called architecture description languages (ADLs).[41][42]
See also
Angkor Wat, Cambodia, symmetry and elevation have often been utilised in the architectural expression of religious devotion or political power.
Machu Picchu, Peru, shows the adaptations of architecture and town planning to a rugged natural site
Lower Manhattan, March 2001. The 20th century saw cities across the world transformed by highrise buildings in the International Style
- Architectural design competition
- Architectural drawing
- Architectural firm
- Architectural style
- Architectural technology
- Architectural theory
- Architecture prizes
- Building materials
- Contemporary architecture
- Dravidian architecture
- Guerrilla architecture
- Glossary of architecture
- List of human habitation forms
- Mathematics and architecture
- Metaphoric Architecture
- Organic architecture
- Outline of architecture
- Sociology of architecture
- Sustainable architecture
- Zoomorphic architecture
Notes
- A project architect is one who is responsible for ensuring the design is built correctly and who administers building contracts – in non-specialist architectural practices the project architect is also the design architect and the term refers to the differing roles the architect plays at differing stages of the process.
References
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